January 10, 2024
Author/medically reviewed by: Salam Kabbani, PharmD
As we enter colder months and infections begin to spread, you may wonder how to best care for yourself or a loved one. While it can be tempting to head straight to the pharmacy, not all infections need to be treated with medications. Many clear up by themselves, making it important to know some basic cold and flu triage.
Viral vs. bacterial infections
Most upper respiratory tract infections are viral. Depending on the root cause, antibiotics may or may not help. The reason? Antibiotics are only designed to treat bacterial infections. Because many common respiratory infections are caused by a virus (influenza, the common cold, and COVID-19), they will not respond to antibiotics. In addition to not helping you heal quicker, taking unnecessary antibiotics can cause side effects and create discomfort. More, not all bacterial infections require antibiotics, as many can clear on their own. Examples include most cases of bronchitis and many sinus infections.
Prescription vs. nonprescription treatment
Take the guesswork out of treatment by calling your care provider when you or a loved one feels sick. Your provider can evaluate symptoms and determine the proper course of treatment.
Prescription
If you have a bacterial infection, you may be prescribed an antibiotic. If you have a viral infection, you may receive an antiviral.
Non-prescription
In many instances, the best remedies aren’t over the counter.
Dehydrated? An upset stomach, runny nose, and/or fever can leave you dehydrated. As such, it’s important to drink lots of fluids, including water, when you’re under the weather.
Sore throat? Soothe an agitated throat by sucking on ice chips, lozenges, or popsicles*.
Congested? Using a saline nasal spray or a cool mist vaporizer may help. For more severe cases, consult a pharmacist or provider.
Bottom line: Prevention is the best medicine. Stay healthy during cold and flu season by washing your hands with soap and water, avoiding others with known infections, and staying up to date on vaccines.
Contact a healthcare provider
If you become sick, stay at home and rest. If symptoms do not improve, call or visit your doctor to determine the best treatment options. To find a provider, click here, or visit one of our urgent care locations.
*Children younger than 2 years of age should not be given these food items as they pose a choking hazard.